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No ka hana ʻana i nā huahana hopena maikaʻi loa ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa me ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, pono ʻoe e koho i nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kāu noi kuʻi. ʻO nā kumu nui e noʻonoʻo ai penei:
1. ʻO ke ʻano o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā minela e ʻoki ʻia.
2. Ka nui o ke kino, ka makū a me ka papa paʻakikī o Mohs.
3. ʻO ka mea a me ke ola o nā pahu puhi i hoʻohana mua ʻia.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu (a i ʻole ka paʻakikī) o nā mea paʻa metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paia e hōʻemi loa i kona kū ʻana i ka hopena (a i ʻole ka paʻakikī). Hiki i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ipu lepo i loko o ka mea metala matrix hiki ke hoʻonui nui i kona kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kona kūpaʻa hopena.
Kiekie Manganese Steel
ʻO ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe he mea paʻa i ka lole me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea crushers hopena. Loaʻa i ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa hopena. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu e pili pinepine i ke kaomi a me ka hopena ma kona ʻili. Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena nui, hiki ke hoʻopaʻakikī ʻia ke ʻano austenite ma ka ʻili i ka HRC50 a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā hāmare pā kila manganese kiʻekiʻe e ʻōlelo ʻia no ka ʻohi mua ʻana me nā mea nui o ka nui o ka meaʻai nui a me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe
Mea waiwai | Hoʻohui Kimia | Waiwai Makani | ||||
Mn% | Cr% | C% | Si% | Ak/cm | HB | |
Mn14 | 12-14 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.25 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
Mn15 | 14-16 | 1.7-2.2 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.6 | > 140 | 180-220 |
Mn18 | 16-19 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.15-1.30 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
Mn22 | 20-22 | 1.8-2.5 | 1.10-1.40 | 0.3-0.8 | > 140 | 190-240 |
Microstructure o ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe
Ke kila Martensitic
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Martensite e ka hoʻomaloʻo wikiwiki ʻana o ke kila kalapona piha piha. Hiki i nā ʻātoma kalapona ke hoʻopuehu i waho o ka martensite wale nō i ke kaʻina hoʻomaha wikiwiki ma hope o ka mālama wela. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kila Martensitic ma mua o ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka hoʻemi ʻana o kona hopena. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ke kila martensitic ma waena o HRC46-56. Ma muli o kēia mau waiwai, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka martensitic steel blow bar no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā noi i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa akā koi ʻia ke kūpaʻa lole kiʻekiʻe.
Microstructure o ke kila martensitic
Hao Keʻokeʻo Chromium kiʻekiʻe
I ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe, ua hui pū ʻia ke kalapona me ka chromium ma ke ʻano o ka chromium carbide. Loaʻa i ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa aahu. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, hiki i kona paʻakikī ke hiki i 60-64HRC, akā ua hoʻemi ʻia kona hopena. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila martensitic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hao hao chromium kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa ka hopena.
I ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe, ua hui pū ʻia ke kalapona me ka chromium ma ke ʻano o ka chromium carbide. Loaʻa i ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa aahu. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela, hiki i kona paʻakikī ke hiki i 60-64HRC, akā ua hoʻemi ʻia kona hopena. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila martensitic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hao hao chromium kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka haʻahaʻa loa ka hopena.
ʻO ka hui kemika o ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe
ASTM A532 | wehewehe | C | Mn | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | |
I | A | Ni-Cr-Hc | 2.8-3.6 | 2.0 Max | 0.8 Max | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Max |
I | B | Ni-Cr-Lc | 2.4-3.0 | 2.0 Max | 0.8 Max | 3.3-5.0 | 1.4-4.0 | 1.0 Max |
I | C | Ni-Cr-GB | 2.5-3.7 | 2.0 Max | 0.8 Max | 4.0 Max | 1.0-2.5 | 1.0 Max |
I | D | Ni-HiCr | 2.5-3.6 | 2.0 Max | 2.0 Max | 4.5-7.0 | 7.0-11.0 | 1.5 Max |
II | A | 12Cr | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Max | 1.5 Max | 0.40-0.60 | 11.0-14.0 | 3.0 Max |
II | B | 15CrMo | 2.0-3.3 | 2.0 Max | 1.5 Max | 0.80-1.20 | 14.0-18.0 | 3.0 Max |
II | D | 20CrMo | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Max | 1.0-2.2 | 0.80-1.20 | 18.0-23.0 | 3.0 Max |
III | A | 25Cr | 2.8-3.3 | 2.0 Max | 1.5 Max | 0.40-0.60 | 23.0-30.0 | 3.0 Max |
Microstructure o High Chromium White Iron
Mea Hana Hana Metala-Metala (CMC)
ʻO ka CMC kahi mea pale lole e hoʻohui i ka paʻakikī maikaʻi o nā mea metala (martensitic steel a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe-chromium cast iron) me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa o nā seramika ʻoihana. Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika o kahi nui kikoʻī e hana i kahi kino porous o nā ʻāpana seramika. Komo loa ka metala i hooheheeia i loko o ka waena o ka hale seramika i ka wa e hoolei ana a hui pu me ka ipu lepo.
Hiki i kēia hoʻolālā ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hana anti-wear o ka maka hana; i ka manawa like, ʻo ke kino nui o ka pā puhi a i ʻole ka hāmare e hana mau ʻia i ka metala e hōʻoia i kāna hana palekana, e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ka kuee ma waena o ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻano hana hana. Wehe ia i kahi kahua hou no ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe no ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana, a hana i nā pono waiwai maikaʻi.
a.Martensitic Steel + Ceramic
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pahu pahu martensitic maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka paʻakikī o ka martensitic ceramic blow hammer ma luna o kona ʻaʻahu, akā ʻaʻole e emi ka hopena o ka hammer blow. I nā kūlana hana, hiki i ka martensitic ceramic blow bar ke lilo i mea hoʻololi maikaʻi no ka noi a hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi o 2 mau manawa a i ʻole ke ola lawelawe.
b.High Chromium White Iron +Ceramic
ʻOiai ua loaʻa i ka pahu pahu hao kiʻekiʻe-chromium maʻamau ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe, i ka wā e ʻoki ai i nā mea me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me ka granite, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pahu puhi pale aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou ola hana. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hao hao chromium kiʻekiʻe me ka pahu pahu seramika i hoʻokomo ʻia. Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā seramika, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o ka hāmare puhi, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia kona kūpaʻa ʻana, ʻo 2 mau manawa a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe ma mua o ka hao keʻokeʻo chromium kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā pono o ka Ceramic-Metal Composite Material (CMC)
(1) Paʻakikī akā ʻaʻole palupalu, paʻakikī a paʻa i ka ʻaʻahu, e loaʻa ana i kahi kaulike ʻelua o ka pale ʻana a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe;
(2) ʻO 2100HV ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, a hiki i ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu ke piʻi i 3 a 4 mau manawa o nā mea hao maʻamau;
(3) Hoʻolālā hoʻolālā pilikino, laina ʻaʻahu kūpono aʻe;
(4) Ke ola lōʻihi a me nā pono waiwai kiʻekiʻe.
Laina Huahana
Makana Mīkini | ʻAno mīkini |
Metso | LT-NP 1007 |
LT-NP 1110 | |
LT-NP 1213 | |
LT-NP 1315/1415 | |
LT-NP 1520/1620 | |
Hazemag | 1022 |
1313 | |
1320 | |
1515 | |
791 | |
789 | |
Sandvik | QI341 (QI240) |
QI441(QI440) | |
QI340 (I-C13) | |
CI124 | |
CI224 | |
Kleemann | MR110 EVO |
MR130 EVO | |
MR100Z | |
MR122Z | |
Terex Pegson | XH250 (CR004-012-001) |
XH320-mea hou | |
XH320-kahiko | |
1412 (XH500) | |
428 Tracpactor 4242 (300 kiʻekiʻe) | |
Pākuʻi mana | Trackpactor 320 |
Terex Finlay | I-100 |
I-110 | |
I-120 | |
I-130 | |
I-140 | |
Kahu ʻōpala | RM60 |
RM70 | |
RM80 | |
RM100 | |
RM120 | |
Tesab | RK-623 |
RK-1012 | |
Extec | C13 |
Telsmith | 6060 |
Keestrack | R3 |
R5 | |
McCloskey | I44 |
I54 | |
Lippmann | 4248 |
Aeto | 1400 |
1200 | |
Mea hoʻouka | 907 |
1112/1312 -100mm | |
1112/1312 -120mm | |
1315 | |
Kumbee | No1 |
No2 | |
ʻO Shanghai Shanbao | PF-1010 |
PF-1210 | |
PF-1214 | |
PF-1315 | |
SBM/Henan Liming/Shanghai Zenith | PF-1010 |
PF-1210 | |
PF-1214 | |
PF-1315 | |
PFW-1214 | |
PFW-1315 |